Throughout the Pleistocene, contrasting H. sapiens varieties evolved. The Neanderthal variety had a brain size and organization which was comparable to recent humans. During the 100,000 days of Neanderthal existence, the human spread across all of Europe, the Middle East, and western and aboriginal Asia (Putman, 1988, p. 461). Archaic Homo sapiens migrated even as uttermost as China (Tudge, 1995, p. 28). However, between about 40,000 years ago and 30,000 years ago, the hominids' dominance ended. Within a period as brief as 5,000 years, the Neanderthal simply vanished. In its positioning appeared a different variety, Homo sapiens sapiens.
According to Putman (1988), the oldest new-fangled human skull has been dated by thermoluminescence techniques at 92,000 years of oceanson (Putman, 1988, p. 465). The disappearance of the Neanderthal occurred around the boundary of the Middle and upper berth Paleolithic. This boundary is characterized culturally by numerous hominid scientific advances. For example, the stone industries of the Upper Paleolithic were based on blades. These long, sign up flakes were chipped off prismatic cores to form complex tools. Eventually, in access to stone and blade tools, the hominids of the Upper Paleolithic similarly began functional with bone. This material was often fashioned into even more advanced weapons. Moreover, new projectile systems were developed. Compared
to spears, much(prenominal) advances as the bow and arrow provided more accuracy at greater distances.
Of course, there is some debate over how devil distinct species of the genus, Homo, might welcome evolved on a plum small planet. There would involve had to have been physical factors which somehow kept the twain separate lineages apart. However, hominid populations at that judgment of conviction were very small: They may have ranged from roughly 5,000 individuals during time of glaciation to upwards of 50,000 individuals during warm, interglacial periods. Therefore, the complete isolation of a small hominid population may have been possible.
Besides being technologically superior, the increasing populations of Homo sapiens sapiens also feature a more sophisticated social organization. With time, modern H. sapiens dispersed widely across the globe. In addition to the areas at one time inhabited by the Neanderthals, the modern variety also colonised Australia and North America. In some cases, these migrations were influenced by changes in sea level. Periods of high sea level during the Upper Pleistocene could have increased pressures on existing food supplies. This would compel great deal to search for new orbit. Such factors may have actuate the migrations to Indonesia and Australia. Conversely, when sea levels dropped, H. sapiens sapiens also migrated. The formation of land bridges between Siberia and the New World some 12,000 years ago provided modern H. sapiens with a pathway to the Americas (Putman, 439-477).
Stringer, C. B., & Andrews, P. (1988, frame 11). Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science, 239, pp. 1263-1268.
Nonetheless, it should also be mentioned that while the inhabitants of the Palestine caves came from separate lineages, they may have intermingled to a certain extent. There are similarities between modern Homo sapiens and Neanderthals (Stringer & Andrews, 1988, p. 1267). Perhaps, following conflict between the two species,
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